Semaglutide Quick Facts: Drug Class: GLP-1 receptor agonist Brand Names: Ozempic (diabetes), Wegovy (weight loss), Rybelsus (oral) FDA Approval: Ozempic approved 2017, Wegovy approved 2021 Manufacturer: Novo Nordisk Dosing: Once weekly injection, starting at 0.25 mg, maximum 2.4 mg Clinical Trial Name: STEP trials (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity) Average Weight Loss: 10-15% of body weight over 68 weeks Tirzepatide Quick Facts: Drug Class: Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist Brand Names: Mounjaro (diabetes), Zepbound (weight loss) FDA Approval: Mounjaro approved 2022, Zepbound approved 2023 Manufacturer: Eli Lilly Dosing: Once weekly injection, starting at 2.5 mg, maximum 15 mg Clinical Trial Name: SURMOUNT trials (Study to evaluate tirzepatide in obesity or overweight) Average Weight Loss: 15-22% of body weight over 72 weeks Primary Difference: The main distinction is that semaglutide activates only GLP-1 receptors, while tirzepatide activates both GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 receptors
Management generally involves levothyroxine replacement therapy, complemented in some cases by dietary optimization and micronutrient supplementation
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Within the gut lumen, bacteria produce a number of metabolites and contain structural components that act as signaling molecules to a number of cell types within the mucosa
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