There are likely to be other homeostatic mechanisms that also play a role in limiting weight loss with SGLT2 inhibitors
These medications, including semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and now tirzepatide, demonstrate safety even in higher-risk groups
It increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis and can help prevent bone loss in older age (especially in postmenopausal women who are at the highest risk of bone-related disorders like osteoporosis)
We hypothesize that the influence of SFN on the gut microbiota is at least partly related to the effects on their habitat, i.e., the gut such as (i) alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine, (ii) increase of the expression of tight junction proteins, preventing excessive intestinal permeability and invasion of luminal bacteria, and (iii) promotion of gut detoxification capability via increase of activity of phase II detoxification enzymes such as GSTs
GLP-1 receptor agonists have been studied for over a decade in both diabetes and weight management populations, with long-term trials showing consistent benefits beyond the first year of treatment
